10-Point Home Inspection Checklist for Renters in Cuenca's Centro Histórico

Essential Tools for Your Inspection

Before you begin, gather these basic tools:

Bright flashlight: Essential for checking dark corners, under sinks, and attics.
Phone with camera: Document everything with photos and videos.
Pen and notepad (or digital equivalent): For jotting down observations.
Outlet tester (optional but recommended): Checks for proper wiring and grounding. Many can be found at local ferreterías like Ferrisariato or smaller neighborhood shops.
Small screwdriver set: To gently test the stability of visible fixtures.
Water bottle or cup: To test faucet flow.
A small mirror: For checking behind fixtures.

The 10-Point Checklist

1. Exterior Walls and Foundation (First Impressions Matter)

What to look for: Walk around the entire exterior. Check for significant cracks in the foundation or stucco. Look for signs of water damage, such as peeling paint, mold, or efflorescence (a white, powdery salt deposit). Examine window and door frames for rot or damage. In the Centro Histórico, older buildings often have beautiful, but sometimes compromised, masonry.
How to inspect: Run your hand along surfaces to feel for crumbling or soft spots. Note any areas where water might be pooling near the foundation.
Cuenca-Specific Tips: Humedad (humidity) is a constant battle in Cuenca, especially during the rainy season. Look for signs of dampness seeping into walls. Older buildings may have drainage issues that weren't addressed during past renovations. The clay soil can also contribute to foundation movement over time.

2. Roof and Gutters (The First Line of Defense)

What to look for: While you likely won't be climbing onto the roof, look for any visible signs of damage from ground level: missing or damaged tiles (tejas), sagging sections, or debris accumulation. Check that gutters and downspouts are present, appear to be securely attached, and are not visibly clogged or damaged.
How to inspect: If you can safely access a balcony or upper window, get a better vantage point. Note any areas where water might be overflowing or not draining correctly.
Cuenca-Specific Tips: Heavy rains can overwhelm poorly maintained gutter systems. Ensure downspouts direct water away from the foundation, not towards it. If there are signs of water stains on upper exterior walls or ceilings, it could indicate a roof or gutter problem that needs prompt attention.

3. Windows and Doors (Security and Insulation)

What to look for: Open and close every window and door. Do they stick? Do locks engage properly? Check for broken or cracked glass. Look at the seals around windows and doors. Are they intact, or are they deteriorating, potentially allowing drafts and moisture in?
How to inspect: Gently push and pull on frames to check for looseness. Feel for drafts when they are closed.
Cuenca-Specific Tips: Older wooden window frames are common. Check for signs of wood rot or insect damage. Window screens (mosquiteros) are important for keeping insects out, especially in the warmer months. Ensure they are in good condition; replacing them can be a minor expense at a local ferretería.

4. Plumbing and Water Fixtures (Everyday Functionality)

What to look for: Turn on every faucet – kitchen, bathroom sinks, showers, bathtub. Check water pressure. Let the water run for a minute and check under the sink and around the base of the fixture for any leaks. Flush every toilet. Does it refill properly? Are there any leaks around the base or at the tank connection?
How to inspect: Listen for unusual noises when water is running or draining. Look for signs of rust or corrosion on pipes and fixtures.
Cuenca-Specific Tips: Cuenca has notoriously "hard water" (agua dura). This leads to significant "sarro" (limescale) buildup. Check aerators on faucets and showerheads for blockage. Leaky faucets can waste a lot of water and increase your bill. Look for signs of calcium deposits around fixtures. Typical residential water pressure might be lower than you're accustomed to, but it should still be functional. If you notice very low pressure, inquire if pressure boosters are common in the building.

5. Electrical System (Safety is Paramount)

What to look for: Locate the electrical panel (breaker box). Note if it looks modern and well-labeled. Plug in your outlet tester (or a small appliance like a phone charger) into a few outlets in different rooms. Check if they are working and if the tester indicates proper grounding. Test light switches.
How to inspect: Look for any exposed or frayed wiring. Check that outlets and switches are securely mounted to the wall. Note the type of outlets – older properties might have two-prong outlets which are not grounded.
Cuenca-Specific Tips: Most of Ecuador uses 220V, but many rental units, especially in older buildings or smaller apartments, might have 110V/120V circuits for specific appliances or outlets. Confirm the voltage of outlets you plan to use for high-draw appliances. Look for signs of older, potentially unsafe wiring. Ensure there are enough outlets for your needs. If the panel looks dated or has many unlabeled breakers, it's a significant red flag requiring professional assessment.

6. Walls, Ceilings, and Floors (Structural Integrity and Aesthetics)

What to look for: Examine all interior walls and ceilings for cracks, water stains, or signs of mold. Check floors for unevenness, loose tiles, or significant wear and tear. Look at the baseboards – are they damaged or separating from the wall?
How to inspect: Tap on walls to listen for hollow sounds that might indicate underlying issues. Walk across floors to check for squeaks or sagging.
Cuenca-Specific Tips: In older buildings, be aware of potential settling. Water stains are common due to past leaks, but new or extensive ones warrant investigation. Tiles are a common flooring material; check for cracked or chipped tiles, especially in bathrooms and kitchens. Marmoleum or linoleum can also be found; check for tears or lifting.

7. Kitchen Appliances and Fixtures (The Heart of the Home)

What to look for: Test the refrigerator (is it cooling properly?), oven, stove burners, and microwave (if applicable). Check the sink for leaks and proper drainage. Look inside cabinets and drawers – do they open and close smoothly? Are there signs of pests or mold?
How to inspect: Turn on the exhaust fan/hood over the stove. Check any dishwasher or garbage disposal (if present) for operation.
Cuenca-Specific Tips: Gas stoves are very common. Ensure the gas line connection appears safe and that there are no noticeable leaks. Check the condition of the gas tank if it's a portable unit; these are readily available and refillable at many locations. The cost to fill a standard 10-gallon tank is typically around $3-$5 USD.

8. Bathrooms (Water, Mold, and Ventilation)

What to look for: Beyond the toilet and faucet checks, inspect the shower or bathtub for grout condition, mold, or leaks. Check ventilation – is there an exhaust fan, or a window that opens to the outside? Look for signs of water damage or mold around the tub/shower base, sink, and toilet.
How to inspect: Run hot water in the shower to check for immediate leaks and to assess ventilation effectiveness.
Cuenca-Specific Tips: Bathrooms are prime areas for mold growth due to humidity. Ensure good ventilation is present and functioning. Check the condition of the silicone sealant around tubs and sinks; it should be intact and free of mold.

9. Ventilation and Air Quality (Comfort and Health)

What to look for: Are there any obvious vents? Do windows open to allow fresh air? Is there any musty smell when you first enter the property, or in specific rooms?
How to inspect: If there are fans, test them. In enclosed spaces like closets or bathrooms, pay attention to any unusual odors.
Cuenca-Specific Tips: Cuenca's altitude and often enclosed courtyards can affect air circulation. Proper ventilation is key to combating humidity and preventing mold, especially in bathrooms, kitchens, and bedrooms. Consider portable dehumidifiers or air purifiers if you notice persistent issues.

10. Pest Inspection (Unwanted Housemates)

What to look for: Look for signs of common pests: droppings (especially in kitchens and pantries), gnaw marks on wood, webs (spiders), or any live insects. Check under sinks, behind appliances, and in corners.
How to inspect: Carefully examine cabinets, drawers, and any dark, undisturbed areas.
Cuenca-Specific Tips: Cockroaches and ants are common in warmer climates. While minor infestations can often be managed with readily available products from ferreterías, a significant presence can indicate a recurring problem that might require professional fumigation services, which are typically affordable.

Cuenca-Specific Tips for Your Inspection

Landlord Communication: Before signing anything, discuss any issues you find with your potential landlord. Document their proposed solutions and timelines. Get agreements in writing, ideally in your lease. Many landlords are responsive to reasonable requests.
Ferreterías are your friend: Cuenca has many excellent hardware stores (ferreterías) like Ferrisariato, Ferreria Nacional, and smaller neighborhood shops. If you notice a minor issue like a loose handle or a dripping faucet, you might be able to fix it yourself with affordable parts. However, for anything more significant, know your limits.
Embrace the Charm, But Be Realistic: Centro Histórico properties are often beautiful but come with age. Some minor imperfections are to be expected. Focus on major structural, safety, and functional issues. The charm of these buildings is part of their appeal.
Documentation is Key: Take clear photos and videos of everything you find. Note the date and time. This documentation is invaluable if disputes arise later. Keep a digital copy of all communications.

⚠️ Safety First: When to Stop and Call a Pro

Electrical Panel Issues: If the electrical panel looks ancient, has exposed wires, or you suspect overloaded circuits, do NOT attempt to fix it yourself. Call a qualified electrician. The cost of a professional electrician in Cuenca can range from $30-$60 USD for a basic service call, depending on the complexity.
Major Water Damage/Mold: Extensive mold growth or significant water stains indicating a persistent leak require professional remediation.
Structural Cracks: Large, deep cracks in foundation walls or load-bearing structures are serious and need immediate attention from a structural engineer or experienced builder.
Gas Leaks: If you smell gas, leave the property immediately and call the gas company or a professional plumber. Do not operate any electrical switches or appliances.
Roof Leaks: Unless you have professional experience and safety equipment, avoid inspecting the roof yourself. If you suspect a leak, note it and insist the landlord addresses it. Roof repairs can vary widely in cost but are typically best left to specialists.
Plumbing Backups: Persistent toilet or drain backups can indicate deeper sewer line issues that require specialized equipment. A plumber's fee for a simple clog might be $20-$40 USD, but more complex issues will be higher.

By diligently working through this checklist, you’ll be well-equipped to identify potential problems before they become your burden. A little upfront effort can save you a great deal of stress and expense down the line, ensuring your new Cuenca home is a place of comfort and security.

For further assistance with home maintenance and repairs in Cuenca, consider seeking recommendations from local expat groups or visiting HandymanCuenca.com for potential service providers.